Emerging Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease Management: Integrating Mental Therapies, Genetic Insights, Nanomedicine, and Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a global health challenge with multifactorial origins, including mental stress, genetic predispositions, and treatment inefficiencies. Emerging interdisciplinary strategies are reshaping prevention and therapeutic paradigms. This narrative review explores recent innovations in cardiovascular disease management, with a focus on the role of mental stress therapies, genetic and personalized medicine, nanotechnology, liposome-based drug delivery systems, and artificial intelligence. Mental stress plays a substantial role in the development of cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular diseases. Pharmacological agents including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), beta-blockers, and emerging anti-inflammatory therapies such as canakinumab have shown potential in mitigating cardiovascular risk in selected populations, although more clinical evidence is needed to confirm long-term efficacy. Genetic and personalized medicine, particularly through pharmacogenomics, allow for individualized therapeutic approaches by identifying high-risk individuals and optimizing treatment plans. Nanotechnology offers novel avenues for targeted cardiovascular drug delivery using engineered systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and biomimetic membrane-coated carriers. While primarily at the preclinical or early clinical stage, these platforms aim to enhance drug bioavailability and reduce systemic toxicity. Finally, artificial intelligence and machine learning provide predictive tools, real-time decision support, and imaging diagnostics to improve clinical outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery. The integration of mental health management, precision medicine, nanotherapeutics, and AI-driven diagnostics offers a comprehensive and future-ready framework for managing cardiovascular disease. Continued interdisciplinary research and clinical translation are essential for optimizing patient care and reducing the global CVD burden.