RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI) AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN DIABETES TYPE II

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular disease as a sequel of the phenomenon of atherosclerosis is significant reason of morbidity and mortality among population worldwide and ankle brachial index (ABI) is one very significant indicator of its happening. Thus to correlate ABI with risk factors is one step to prevent atherosclerotic phenomenon as a low value of ABI is an indicator of cardiovascular disease. The focus of this research is to find relationship between ABI and the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular disease. Methodology: The study was piloted at the Diabetes Clinic, Medical Unit III, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi for a duration of six months from March 2019 to August 2019. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty-one adult type 2 diabetic consecutive patients participated in the study. Results: Peripheral artery disease was present in 35(29%) patients among which 7(20%) were males and 28(80%) were females. (p=0.007). PAD was more frequent in middle age group and hypertensive patients. Patients with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome had a higher frequency of PAD. The PAD increased with duration of diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle. Smoking was not a very significant factor in PAD. The frequency of PAD rose with a higher BMI. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a co-relation between a low ankle brachial index and risk factors like uncontrolled hypertension, an increased BMI, waist circumference or duration of diabetes, or the presence of dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome or sedentary lifestyle.