Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in-hospital outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methodology: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from May 2022 to December 2022. Using a convenient sampling technique, adult male and female patients presenting with ACS and angiographically confirmed LMCAD were enrolled. Results: A total of 129 patients were included in the final analysis, with a mean age of 51.22±12.03 years. The majority were male (n = 101, 78.29%). Dyslipidemia was the most common comorbid condition (n = 34, 26.35%), followed by hypertension (n = 32, 24.80%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 22, 17.50%). The most frequent in-hospital complications following PCI were heart failure (n = 12, 9.8%) and arrhythmias (n = 5, 3.87%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.32% (n = 3). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that PCI for LMCAD in ACS patients is associated with favorable prognostic outcomes. While cardiac arrhythmias were the most prevalent post-procedural complication, the overall in-hospital mortality rate was low.