Factors Associated with In-Hospital Mortality Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Single-Center Descriptive Study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of in-hospital mortality and evaluate factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methodology: This hospital-based descriptive case series was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between December 2021 and June 2022. A total of 180 consecutive patients undergoing PCI were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Baseline demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic findings were recorded using a structured data collection proforma. Patients were followed throughout the index hospitalization to determine all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 180 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 52.48 ± 9.8 years, and 94 (52.2%) participants were female. Overall, 16 patients (8.9%) died during the index hospitalization following PCI. Advanced age (>50 years) demonstrated a statistically significant association with in-hospital mortality (p=0.001). Body mass index also showed a significant association with mortality during stratified analysis (p=0.016). Although diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease were more common among patients who died, these associations were not statistically significant. Similarly, smoking and dyslipidemia showed no significant association with mortality. Conclusion: In this single-center descriptive study, advanced age and lower body mass index were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality following PCI. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, dyslipidemia, and multivessel coronary artery disease were not significantly associated with mortality on unadjusted analysis. Because of the descriptive study design, limited sample size, and absence of multivariable analysis, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Larger prospective multicenter studies incorporating comprehensive clinical and procedural variables are warranted to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.