Clinical Profile and Risk Factors in Young Patients (<50 years) presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical profile and risk factors in young patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) before the age of 50 years, focusing on the most prevalent risk factors in this age group in Azad Kashmir. Methodology: A single-center prospective study was conducted at Kashmir Institute of Cardiology (KIC), Divisional Headquarters Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, from July 15, 2024, to December 15, 2024. A total of 115 patients were enrolled. Data were collected through questionnaires and reviewed medical records. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate clinical features, demographics, and risk factors. Results: Out of the 109 patients studied, male predominance was evident (86.2%) compared to females (13.8%). A chi-square test revealed that all identified risk factors were significantly associated with ACS in young adults. The most prevalent risk factors included smoking (37.6%), family history (35.8%), and elevated cholesterol (32.1%). STEMI was the most frequently observed type of ACS in this demographic. Conclusion: ACS in individuals younger than 50 years, particularly in the 41-50 age group, showed a significant male predominance. Smoking, family history, and elevated cholesterol were the primary risk factors identified in this population. Early screening and lifestyle modifications are crucial for reducing ACS risk in young adults.